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ABB PM866K01 3BE050198R1 数字继电器输出模块
在以大浪、湍流和强风为特征的不断变化的公海环境中，具有增强定位能力的动力定位(DP)系统变得至关重要。动力定位系统中的控制器计算螺旋桨和推进器以抵消环境力并将船保持在其期望的位置。除了保持位置，最小化推进器需求是一类控制器追求的另一个控制目标，称为节能DP或所谓的“绿色DP”。
PM866K01 根据这一目标，目前的工作提出了一种控制器，该控制器在保持位置约束。这种新型节能控制器(如Green-DP)利用了经济的结构非线性模型预测控制器(ENMPC)并采用“绿色”目标和性能指标，包括推进器能效。
在仿真环境中使用MATLAB/Simulink仿真器和工具箱附件来演示所提出的被称为绿色NMPC的节能DP的性能。控制器被测试用于中等至高海浪条件。与NMPC相比，控制器在保持船舶定位目标的同时，减少了高达50%的摇摆方向推进器需求。
PM866K01 远海地区的海上作业面临额外的环境挑战。例如，波浪往往更大，风力更强，表层水流更湍急。除非控制器对这些干扰进行过滤或充分处理，否则它们会导致推进器过度运动，从而导致推进器磨损、控制器性能下降和能效降低(Sorensen等人，2002年)。
ABB PM866K01 3BE050198R1 数字继电器输出模块
In modern computers, hard disk drives (hard disks) or solid state disks (solid state disks) are usually used as auxiliary storage. This access time is usually in milliseconds (thousandths of a second) per byte of hard disk or solid state disk, while the access time per byte of main storage is in nanoseconds (billionths of a second). Therefore, secondary storage is much slower than primary storage. The access time of rotating optical storage devices, such as compact discs and digital disc drives, is even longer. Other examples of auxiliary storage technologies include usb flash drives, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, paper tapes, punched cards, and RAM disks.
Once the disk read/write head is on the HDD, it reaches the appropriate position, and the data and subsequent data on the track can be accessed very quickly. In order to reduce seek time and rotation delay, data is transferred to or from disk in the form of large continuous blocks. Sequential or block access on disk is several orders of magnitude faster than random access, and many complex paradigms have been developed to design efficient algorithms based on sequential and block access. Another way to reduce I/O bottleneck is to use multiple disks in parallel to increase the bandwidth between main memory and auxiliary memory. [5]
The concept of virtual memory used by most computer operating systems allows the use of more main storage capacity than the physical available capacity in the system. As the main memory fills up, the system will copy the least used blocks (pages) to the swap file or page file on the auxiliary memory, so as to retrieve them later when needed. If a large number of pages are moved to slower secondary storage, system performance will be degraded.
